Items Umayyad Caliphate
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(en) Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries.
Umayyad Caliphate:
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate › Tanukh, Tribal federation of
Fals - Anonymous k. A. (705-715)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 3,65 g
Album Islamic# 189, N# 212870
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Dinar (661-750)
1 AV Dinar = 10 AR Dirham = 60 AE Fals
Fals - tem. Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik - "Al-Walid I" (al-Andalus) k. A. (705-715)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 2,73 g • ⌀ 14,95 mm
N# 26806
Fals - Anonymous (Tabariya) k. A. (696-750)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 2,39 g • ⌀ 20 mm
N# 52936
Fals - Anonymous (Qinnasrin) k. A. (696-750)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 3,23 g • ⌀ 19,8 mm
N# 63937
Fals - Anonymous (Iskandariya) k. A. (696-750)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 4,35 g
N# 70354
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Solidus (661-750)
Solidus / Dinar - Abd al-Malik - standing caliph type (Arab-Byzantine) k. A. (694-741)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold (.916) • 4,3 g • ⌀ 19 mm
N# 70964
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Dinar (661-750)
1 AV Dinar = 10 AR Dirham = 60 AE Fals
Dinar - Anonymous (no mintname) 77-82 (697-702)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold (.917) • 4,25 g • ⌀ 19 mm
N# 70965
Fals - Anonymous (Iliya) k. A. (696-750)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 3,89 g • ⌀ 19 mm
N# 71074
Fals - Anonymous (al-Bab) k. A. (696-750)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 2,57 g • ⌀ 17,2 mm
N# 72614
Fals - Anonymous (Bayt Jabrin) k. A. (696-750)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 4,36 g
N# 72615
Fals - Anonymous (al-Urdunn) k. A. (696-750)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 3,25 g • ⌀ 18 mm
N# 72622
Fals - Anonymous (al-Ramla) k. A. (696-750)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 3,18 g • ⌀ 20 mm
N# 74258
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Drachm (661-750)
Pashiz / Fals - Farroxzad (Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (689-698)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 0,90 g • ⌀ 20 mm
N# 74281
Drachm - al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf (Yazd mint - Umayyad Governors of Iraq - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (696-714)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,88 g • ⌀ 30 mm
N# 74312
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Dinar (661-750)
1 AV Dinar = 10 AR Dirham = 60 AE Fals
Fals - Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf k. A. (694-714)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Blei • 13,13 g • ⌀ 22 mm
N# 74313
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Drachm (661-750)
Drachm - al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf (Bishapur mint - Umayyad Governors of Iraq - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (696-714)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,75 g
N# 74314
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Solidus (661-750)
Nummus / Fals - Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan to al-Walid I ibn 'Abd al-Malik - two facing bust type (Spain and North Africa - Arab-Byzantine) k. A. (685-715)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 0,92 g
N# 74316
Nummus / Fals - Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan to al-Walid I ibn 'Abd al-Malik - pseudo-Byzantine type, facing bust (Arab-Byzantine) k. A. (691-715)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 0,57 g • ⌀ 15 mm
N# 74318
Follis / Fals - Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan - standing caliph type (Arab-Byzantine) k. A. (685-705)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 3,25 g • ⌀ 16 mm
N# 74321
Solidus / Dinar - al-Walid I ibn ‘Abd al-Malik - al-Andalus - Transitional coinage (Spain and North Africa - Arab-Byzantine) 93-95 (712-714)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 3,76 g • ⌀ 14 mm
N# 74325
Tremissis / ⅓ Dinar - Unknown - Ifriqiya - North Africa (Spain and North Africa - Arab-Byzantine) 85 (704)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 1,38 g
N# 74326
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Drachm (661-750)
Pashiz / Fals - Unknown (Khusraw II type - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (694-713)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 0,85 g
N# 74375
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Dinar (661-750)
1 AV Dinar = 10 AR Dirham = 60 AE Fals
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Solidus (661-750)
Follis / Fals - Muawiyah I - standing figure type (Arab-Byzantine) 60 (662-680)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 4,47 g • ⌀ 19 mm
N# 76248
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Dinar (661-750)
1 AV Dinar = 10 AR Dirham = 60 AE Fals
Dirham - Yazid bin Abd al-Malik - "Yazid II" 102-105 (102-724)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,98 g • ⌀ 29 mm
N# 76495
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Drachm (661-750)
Pashiz / Fals - Yusuf b.'Umar (Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (737-744)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 1,59 g
N# 80474
Drachm - 'Gorigo Shah' (Arab-Hephthalite) k. A. (687-689)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,71 g • ⌀ 31 mm
N# 80475
Drachm / "Zuzun" - Muhammad ibn Marwan (Umayyad Caliphate - 661-750 AD - Arab-Armenian) k. A. (662-752)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,19 g
N# 80512
Pashiz / Fals - Aban ibn al-Walid (Arab-Sasanian) 132 (750-780)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 0,99 g
N# 80531
Pashiz / Fals - Mansur (Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (700-705)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 1,19 g
N# 80558
Pashiz / Fals - Gyanbud (Arab-Sasanian) 132 (750-780)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 0,69 g
N# 80560
Drachm - 'Ubayd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Rahman (Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (702-703)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,5 g
N# 80564
Drachm - Khalid ibn Abi Khalid (Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (702-707)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,83 g
N# 80566
Drachm - 'Amr ibn Laqit (Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (701-702)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 4,11 g
N# 80568
Drachm - 'Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Bakra (Umayyad Governors - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (698-699)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,60 g
N# 80570
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Dinar (661-750)
1 AV Dinar = 10 AR Dirham = 60 AE Fals
Dirham - Anonymous (Tabaristan) k. A. (698-750)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,87 g
N# 80571
Islamische Staaten › Umayyad Caliphate • Drachm (661-750)
Drachm - Yazid ibn al-Muhallab (Umayyad Governors of Khurasan - Arab-Sasanian) 77-78 (697-698)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,48 g
N# 80596
Drachm - 'Abd Allah ibn 'Umayya (Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (694-697)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,22 g
N# 80597
Drachm - al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf (Merw mint - Umayyad Governors of Iraq - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (696-714)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,84 g
N# 80598
Pashiz / Fals - al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra (Umayyad Governors of Khurasan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (695-698)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 0,55 g
N# 80694
Drachm - 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn 'Abd Allah (Arab-Sasanian) 74 (694)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 4,06 g
N# 80696
Drachm - Bishr ibn Marwan (unrecorded type for Governor - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (692-694)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,83 g
N# 80700
Drachm - Muqatil ibn Misma' (Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (691-692)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 4 g
N# 80702
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