Items Al-Andalus and Ceuta

(en) Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries. Mehr erfahren

• Algeciras, Taifa of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Almería, Taifa of
  • Dinar (1010-1147)
• Almohad Taifas › Al-Andalus, Almohads of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Almohad Taifas › Lorca, Taifa of
  • Dinar (1228-1250)
• Almohad Taifas › Seville, City of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Almoravid Taifas › Badajoz Region
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Almoravid Taifas › Badja and Silves Regions
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Almoravid Taifas › Badja, City of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Almoravid Taifas › Baeza, City of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Almoravid Taifas › Banu Ghaniya dynasty
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Almoravid Taifas › Martula, City of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Almoravid Taifas › Murcia, Almoravids of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
  • Dinar (1011-1266)
• Almoravid Taifas › Uncertain Almoravid taifa
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
  • Dinar (1040-1147)
• Alpuente, Taifa of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Badajoz, Taifa of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Ceuta, City of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
  • Dinar (1008-1052)
• Ceuta, Taifa of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Córdoba
  • Dinar (756-929)
  • Dinar (929-1031)
• Córdoba, Taifa of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
  • Dinar (1031-1091)
• Dénia, Taifa of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
  • Dinar (1008-1052)
  • Dinar (1018-1203)
• Granada, Emirate of
  • Dinar (1232-1492)
• Granada, Taifa of
  • Dinar (1008-1052)
  • Dinar (973-1148)
• Majorca, Taifa of
  • Dinar (1018-1203)
• Málaga, Taifa of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
  • Dinar (1008-1052)
• Segura, City of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Seville, Taifa of
  • Dinar (1023-1091)
• Toledo, Taifa of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Tortosa, Taifa of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Tudela, Taifa of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Uncertain Iberian taifa
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Valencia, Taifa of
  • Dinar (1010-1238)
• Zaragoza, Taifa of › Calatayud, Taifa of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Zaragoza, Taifa of
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
  • Dinar (1008-1052)

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Algeciras, Taifa of • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Dirham - Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad
443 (1051)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Billon • 2,19 g
Vives# 869, N# 385104

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almería, Taifa of • Dinar (1010-1147)

Dirham - Ma'n ben Muhammad ben Sumadih (Banu Sumadih family)
433 (1042)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 4,5 g
N# 145895

1 Dirham - Al-Mu'tasim bi-Allah
k. A. (1052-1091)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,80 g
Vives# 1046, N# 384761

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Al-Andalus, Almohads of • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Dirham - Muhammad al-Mutawakkil (Murcia)
k. A. (1228-1238)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,56 g
Vives# 2145, N# 385178

1 Dirham - Muhammad al-Wathiq (Játiva)
k. A. (1238-1266)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,55 g
Vives# 2153, N# 385180

1 Dinar - Muhammad Baha' al-Dawla (Murcia)
k. A. (1241-1260)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold
N# 385183

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Lorca, Taifa of • Dinar (1228-1250)

AV Dinar (1) - AR Dirham (⁷⁄₁₀) - AE Fals (¹⁄₆₀)

Square Dirham - Ibn Asli
k. A. (1240-1244)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Billon • 1,61 g
N# 84988

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Niebla, City of • Nicht angegebene Währung

Dirham - Musa ibn Muhammad
k. A. (1234-1262)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,46 g
Album Islamic# I410, N# 212212

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Seville, City of • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Dirham - Ahmmad ibn Muhammad al-Badji (Rebel coinage)
k. A. (1231-1233)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,53 g
N# 385184

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Badajoz Region • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Quirat - Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn al-Hadjam
k. A. (1145-1150)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 0,89 g • ⌀  mm
Vives# 1987, N# 385197

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Badja and Silves Regions • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Quirat - Sidray ibn Wazir al-Qaysi
k. A. (1144-1157)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 0,49 g • ⌀ 14 mm
N# 385199

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Badja, City of • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Quirat - Abu Talib al-Zuhri
k. A. (1141)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 0,89 g • ⌀  mm
N# 385198

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Baeza, City of • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Dinar - Alfonso VII
545 (1150)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 4,08 g • ⌀  mm
Vives# 1995, N# 385196

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Banu Ghaniya dynasty • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Dinar - Anonymous
563 (1168)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 4,06 g • ⌀  mm
Album Islamic# 4201M, N# 385195

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Córdoba, City of • Nicht angegebene Währung

Qirat - Hamdin ibn Muhammad
539-540 (1145-1146)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 0,95 g
N# 84969

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Martula, City of • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Quirat - Ahmad ibn Qasi 'Abd Allah
k. A. (1144-1145)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • ⌀ 0,9 mm
Vives# 2016, Mozos# Fb4, N# 448489

1 Quirat - Ahmad ibn Qasi 'Abd Allah
k. A. (1144-1151)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 0,86 g • ⌀  mm
Vives# 1917, N# 385200

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Murcia, Almoravids of • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Dirham - Muhammad ibn Sa'd and Hilal ibn Muhammad
564 (1169)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,28 g • ⌀ 19 mm
N# 385193

1 Dinar - 'Abd Allah ibn 'Iyad
540 (1145)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 3,92 g • ⌀ 26 mm
Vives# 1926, N# 385188

1 Dinar - 'Abd Allah al-Rais ibn Faradj
541 (1146)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 3,96 g • ⌀ 26 mm
Vives# 1928, N# 385190

1 Dinar - 'Ali ibn 'Ubaid
542 (1147)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 3,92 g • ⌀ 26 mm
N# 385192

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Murcia, Almoravids of • Dinar (1011-1266)

AV Dinar (1) - AR Dirham (⁷⁄₁₀) - AE Fals (¹⁄₆₀)

Dinar - Muhammad ibn Sa'd
k. A. (1148-1171)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 3,88 g
N# 84970

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Uncertain Almoravid taifa • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Quirat - Ibn Malik
k. A. (1144-1171)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 0,90 g • ⌀ 14 mm
Vives# 1919, N# 385202

1 Quirat - 'Abd al Rahmman ibn Hud (Úbeda)
k. A. (1145)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 0,80 g • ⌀  mm
N# 385201

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Uncertain Almoravid taifa • Dinar (1040-1147)

AV Dinar (1) - AR Dirham (⁷⁄₁₀) - AE Fals (¹⁄₆₀)

Qirat - Ahmad ibn Hud
k. A. (1144-1145)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,7 g • ⌀ 15,5 mm
N# 76376

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Alpuente, Taifa of • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

Fractional Dirham - Ahmad Yumn al-Dawla
k. A. (1030-1042)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 0,73 g
Vives# 871, N# 384869

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Badajoz, Taifa of • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Dirham - Umar al-Mutawakil
k. A. (1067-1094)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 2,12 g
Vives# 1007, N# 384762

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Badajoz, Taifa of • Nicht angegebene Währung

Dirham - Yahya al-Mansur
k. A. (1063-1067)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,16 g
N# 212211

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Ceuta, City of • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

1 Dirham - 'Ali bin Hammud
406 (1015)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,20 g • ⌀ 24 mm
Vives# 724, N# 385111

1 Dirham - Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Yanashti
k. A. (1232-1237)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,53 g • 14 × 14 mm
N# 385185

1 Dinar - Ibn Khalas
k. A. (1237-1249)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 4,68 g • ⌀ 27 mm
N# 385186

1 Quirat - Abu Fadl 'Iyad
k. A. (1146-1148)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 0,92 g • ⌀ 14 mm
Vives# 2017, N# 385187

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Ceuta, City of • Dinar (1008-1052)

AV Dinar (1) - AR Dirham (⁷⁄₁₀) - AE Fals (¹⁄₆₀)

Square Dirham - Anonymous (Ceuta)
k. A. (1047-1055)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,56 g • 14,5 mm
N# 165821

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Ceuta, Taifa of • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

Fractional Dirham - Al-'Izz ibn Saqqut
k. A. (1077-1078)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Billon • 1,22 g
Vives# 127, N# 385106

1 Dirham - Saqqwut al-Barghawati
466 (1074)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Billon • 3,22 g
Vives# 879, N# 385105

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Dinar (756-929)

1 Dinar = 10 Dirhams = 60 Fals

Fals - Anonymous (Al-Andalus)
k. A. (756-929)
Münzen
Kupfer • 1,8 g • ⌀ 17 mm
Vives arab# 319, N# 307525

Fals - 'Abd al-Rahman II
k. A. (822-852)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • ⌀ 20 mm
Vives arab# 218, N# 82326

Fals - Muhammad I
k. A. (852-886)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Bronze • 1,15 g • ⌀ 19,5 mm
Vives arab# 318, N# 359159

Dirham - 'Abd al-Rahman I
148-171 (766-788)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,76 g • ⌀ 25 mm
Vives arab# 46-69, N# 76498

Dirham - Hisham I
172-179 (789-796)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,70 g
Vives arab# 70-77, N# 80971

Dirham - al-Hakam I
180-205 (797-821)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,70 g • ⌀ 25 mm
Vives arab# 78-119, N# 76491

Dirham - 'Abd al-Rahman II
206-237 (822-852)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,60 g • ⌀ 26,2 mm
N# 76492

Dirham - Muhammad I
238-272 (853-886)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,63 g
Vives arab# 221-312, N# 76493

Dirham - al-Mundhir
273-274 (887-888)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,7 g • ⌀ 25 mm
Vives arab# 326-327, N# 302939

Dirham - 'Abd Allah
275-279 (889-893)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,7 g • ⌀ 25 mm
Vives arab# 275-279, N# 302941

Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Dinar (929-1031)

1 Dinar = 15 Dirhams = 90 Fals

Fals - Anonymous (al-Andalus)
k. A. (929-1031)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 1,90 g • ⌀ 18 mm
N# 77609

Dirham - 'Abd-al-Rahman III (al-Andalus)
316-336 (929-948)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber (.999) • 2,9 g • ⌀ 27 mm
N# 70521

Dirham - 'Abd-al-Rahman III (Madinat al-Zahra)
336-350 (948-962)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,70 g • ⌀ 22,5 mm
N# 297726

Dirham - al-Hakam II (Madinat al-Zahra)
350-364 (962-975)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,70 g • ⌀ 23 mm
Vives arab# 447-458, Album Islamic# 352.1-6, N# 81268

Dirham - al-Hakam II (al-Andalus)
365 (976)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,70 g • ⌀ 23 mm
Vives arab# 496, N# 334204