Items Die Islamischen Staaten
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(en) Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries.
Islamische Staaten:
- Abbasiden-Kalifat
- Al-Saffah (750-754)
- Al-Mansur (754-775)
- Al-Mahdi (775-785)
- Al-Hadi (785-786)
- Al-Rashid (786-809)
- Al-Amin (809-813)
- Al-Ma'mun (813-833)
- Al-Mu'tasim (833-842)
- Al-Wathiq (842-847)
- Al-Mutawakkil (847-861)
- Al-Muntasir (861-862)
- Al-Musta'in (862-866)
- Al-Mu'tazz (866-869)
- Al-Muhtadi (869-870)
- Al-Mu'tamid (870-892)
- Al-Mufawwid (875-892)
- Al-Mu'tadid (892-902)
- Al-Muktafi (902-908)
- Al-Muqtadir (908-929)
- Al-Qahir (929, 932-934)
- Al-Radi (934-940)
- Al-Muttaqi (940-944)
- Al-Mustakfi (944-946)
- Al-Muti' (946-974)
- Al-Muqtadi (1075-1094)
- Al-Mustazhir (1094-1118)
- Al-Muqtafi (1136-1160)
- Al-Mustadi (1170-1180)
- Al-Nasir (1180-1225)
- Al-Zahir (1225-1226)
- Al-Mustansir (1226-1242)
- Al-Musta'sim (1242-1258)
- City of Al-Rayy
- Zanj Rebellion
- Zaydi Rebellion
- Emirate of Ifriqiya • Aghlabid dynasty
- Emirate of Ifriqiya
- Ikhshidid dynasty
- Taifa of Algeciras • Hammudid dynasty
- Taifa of Almería • Banu Sumadih
- Almohads of Al-Andalus • Hudid dynasty
- Taifa of Lorca
- City of Niebla
- City of Seville
- Badajoz Region
- Badja and Silves Regions
- City of Badja
- City of Baeza
- City of Córdoba
- City of Martula
- Almoravids of Murcia
- Uncertain Almoravid taifa
- Taifa of Alpuente • Qasimid dynasty
- Taifa of Badajoz • Aftasid dynasty
- City of Ceuta • Hammudid dynasty
- City of Ceuta • Almoravid dynasty
- City of Ceuta • Almohad dynasty
- Taifa of Ceuta • Barghawata dynasty
- Córdoba • Emirate of Córdoba
- Córdoba • Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba
- Córdoba • Hammudid Caliphate of Córdoba
- Córdoba • Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba
- Taifa of Córdoba • Djahwarid dynasty
- Taifa of Dénia • Amirid dynasty
- Taifa of Dénia • Hudid dynasty
- Emirate of Granada • Nasrid dynasty
- Muhammad I (1237-1273)
- Isma'il I (1314-1325)
- Muhammad IV (1325-1333)
- Yusuf I (1333-1354)
- Muhammad V (1354-1358, 1362-1391)
- Isma'il II (1358-1359)
- Yusuf II (1391-1392)
- Muhammad VII (1392-1408)
- Yusuf III (1408-1417)
- Muhammad VIII (1417-1419, 1427-1429)
- Muhammad IX (1419-1427, 1430-1453)
- Abu'l Hasan Ali (1464-1482, 1483-1485)
- Muhammad XII (1482-1483, 1486-1492)
- Muhammad XIII (1485-1489)
- Taifa of Granada • Zirid dynasty
- Taifa of Majorca • Aglabid dynasty
- Taifa of Málaga • Hammudid dynasty
- Taifa of Málaga • Zirid dynasty
- City of Segura
- Taifa of Seville • Abbadiden
- Taifa of Toledo • Dhulnunid dynasty
- Taifa of Toledo
- Taifa of Tortosa • Saqaliba
- Taifa of Tudela • Hudid dynasty
- Uncertain Iberian taifa
- Taifa of Valencia • Amirid dynasty
- Taifa of Valencia • Dhulnunid dynasty
- Taifa of Calatayud • Hudid dynasty
- Taifa of Lérida • Hudid dynasty
- Taifa of Zaragoza • Tujibid dynasty
- Taifa of Zaragoza • Hudid dynasty
- Almohad Caliphate
- Abd al-Mu'min (1133-1163)
- Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad (1156-1163)
- Abu Yaqub Yusuf (1163-1184)
- Yaqub al-Mansur (1184-1199)
- Muhammad al-Nasir (1199-1213)
- Yusuf II (1213-1224)
- Abdallah al-Adil (1224-1227)
- Idris al-Ma'mun (1229-1232)
- Abd al-Wahid II (1232-1242)
- Abu al-Hasan as-Said al-Mutadid (1242-1248)
- Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada (1248-1266)
- Idris al-Wathiq (1266-1269)
- Almoravid dynasty
- City of Sijilmasa
- Beylik of Alaiye
- Inalids of Amid
- Beylik von Aydın
- Muharizalsîn Gazi Mehmed Bey (1308-1334)
- Umur Bey (1334-1348)
- Sulayman Beg ibn Muhammad (1334-1349)
- Ibrahim Bahadur Beg (1335-1347)
- Khidr ibn Mehmed (1348-1360)
- Yakub Bey (1350)
- Isa ibn Mehmed (1360-1390)
- Musaoğlu Umur II Bey (1403-1405)
- Mehmed Bey (1404)
- İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey "Junayd" (1405-1408, 1422-1426)
- Mustafa ibn Aydin (1421-1422)
- Burhandid dynasty
- Danishmendid dynasty
- Danishmendids of Kayseri
- Danishmendids of Malatya
- Danishmendids of Sivas
- Beylik of Dulkadir
- Beylik of Eretna
- Beylik of Eshref
- Beylik of Germiyan
- Beylik of Hamid
- Beylik of Isfendiyar
- Beylik of Karaman
- Beylik of Karasi
- Beylik of Lâdik
- Mengüjeks of Divriği
- Mengüjeks of Erzincan
- Mengüjeks of Kegonia
- Beylik of Menteshe
- Saltukid dynasty
- Beylik Saruchaniden
- Banu Mismar dynasty
- Julandid dynasty
- Khawlanid dynasty
- Mahdid dynasty
- Najahid dynasty
- Rassid dynasty
- Al-Hadi ila al-Haqq (893-911)
- Al-Murtada Muhammad (911-913)
- An-Nasir Ahmad (913-934)
- Al-Muntakhab al-Hasan (934-937)
- Al-Mukhtar al-Qasim (936-956)
- Ad-Da'i Yusuf (976-998, 1003-1010)
- Al-Mansur al-Qasim al-Iyyani (998-1003)
- Al-Qasim ibn al-Husayn (998-1003)
- Muhammad ibn al-Qasim (998-1003)
- Al-Mahdi al-Husayn (1010-1013)
- Rassid dynasty • Banu Hamzah dynasty
- Rassid dynasty
- Rassid dynasty • Banu Hamzah dynasty
- Rassid dynasty
- Rassid dynasty • Banu Hamzah dynasty
- Rassid dynasty
- Rassid dynasty • Banu Hamzah dynasty
- Rassid dynasty
- City of Al-Mahjam
- Dhofar Region
- Rasulid dynasty
- Al-Mansur Umar I (1236-1249)
- Al-Muzaffar Yusuf I (1249-1295)
- Al-Mu'ayyad Da'ud (1297-1321)
- Al-Mujahid Ali (1321-1363)
- Al-Afdal al-Abbas (1363-1377)
- Al-Ashraf Isma'il I (1377-1400)
- An-Nasir Ahmad (1400-1424)
- Al-Mansur Abdallah (1424-1427)
- Al-Ashraf Isma'il II (1427-1428)
- Az-Zahir Yahya (1428-1439)
- Al-Ashraf Isma'il III (1439-1442)
- An-Nasir Ahmad (1442-1443)
- City of Sana'a
- Sulayhid dynasty
- Tahirid dynasty (Yemen)
- Tarafid dynasty
- Wajihid dynasty
- Ziyadid dynasty
- Zurayid dynasty
- Tarkhan dynasty
- Artuqids of Halab
- Artuqids of Hisn Kayfa and Amid
- Artuqids of Khartabirt
- Artuqids of Mardin
- Husam al-Din Timurtash (1122-1154)
- Najm al-Din Alpï I (1154-1176)
- Qutb al-Din Ilghazi II (1176-1184)
- Husam al-Din Yülük Arslan (1184-1203)
- Artuk Arslan (1202-1239)
- Al-Sa'id Najm al-Din Ghazi I (1239-1260)
- Al-Muzaffar Fakhr al-Din Kara Arslan (1260-1292)
- Al-Mansur Najm al-Din Ghazi II (1294-1312)
- As-Salih Shams al-Din Mahmūd (1312-1364)
- Al-Mansur Husam al-Din Ahmad (1364-1367)
- Al-Muzaffar Fakhr al-Din Dāwūd II (1367-1376)
- Al-Zahir Majd al-Din 'Isā (1376-1407)
- Al-Salih Şhihab al-Din Ahmad (1407-1409)
- Ayyubid Emirate of Aleppo
- Ayyubid Emirate of Damascus
- Emirate of Diyar Bakr
- Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt
- Emirate of Hamah
- Emirate of Hisn Kayfa
- Begtimurid dynasty
- Cities of Amul and Ruyan
- Buyids of Fars
- Buyids of Hamadan
- Imranid dynasty
- Buyids of Iraq
- Buyids of Jibal
- Buyids of Kerman
- Buyids of Khuzistan
- City of Tawwaj
- Buyids of Uman
- Ahdabid dynasty
- Aq Sunqurid dynasty
- Emirate of Darband
- Hashimid dynasty
- Rawwadid dynasty
- Sajid dynasty
- Emirate of Ani
- Shaddadids of Dvin
- Shaddadids of Ganja
- Shirvanshah dynasty • Kasranid dynasty
- Muhammad IV (981-991)
- Yazid II (991-1027)
- Manuchihr I (1027-1034)
- Ali II (1034-1043)
- Qubad (1043-1049)
- Bukhtnassar (1049-1050)
- Sallar (1050-1063)
- Fariburz I (1063-1096)
- Manuchihr II (1096-1106)
- Manuchihr III (1120-1160)
- Akhsitan I (1160-1197)
- Shahanshah (1180-1203)
- Garshasp I (1203-1233)
- Fariburz III (1225-1255)
- Akhsitan II (1243-1260)
- Keykavus I (1294-1317)
- Shirvanshah dynasty • House of Derbent
- Kilwa Sultanate
- City of Alexandria
- Fatimid Caliphate
- Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i (909-911)
- Al-Mahdi Billah (909-934)
- Al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah (934-946)
- Al-Mansur Billah (946-953)
- Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah (953-975)
- Al-Aziz Billah (975-996)
- Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (996-1021)
- Al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah (1021-1036)
- Al-Mustansir Billah (1036-1094)
- Al-Musta'li Billah (1094-1101)
- Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah (1101-1130)
- Al-Hafiz li-Din Allah (1132-1149)
- Al-Zafir bi-A'da' Allah (1149-1154)
- Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah (1154-1160)
- Al-Adid li-Din Allah (1160-1171)
- City of Qayrawan
- Emirate of Sicily
- City of Bost
- Farighunid dynasty
- Dynastie Ghaznawiden
- Sabuktegin (977-997)
- Isma'il (997-998)
- Mahmud (998-1030)
- Mas'ud I (1030-1041)
- Muhammad (1030, 1041)
- Mawdud (1041-1048)
- Ali (1048-1049)
- Abd al-Rashid (1049-1052)
- Tughril (1052-1053)
- Farrukh-Zad (1053-1059)
- Ibrahim (1059-1099)
- Mas'ud III (1099-1115)
- Arslan Shah (1116-1117)
- Bahram Shah (1117-1157)
- Khusrau Shah (1157-1160)
- Khusrau Malik (1160-1186)
- Ghaznavids of Juzjan
- Ghaznavids of Khorasan
- Ghaznavids of Sijistan
- Ghaznavids of Western Khorasan
- Ghurids of Bamiyan
- Ghurid dynasty
- Afrasiyab dynasty
- Alamut State
- Zaydi Imams of Hawsam
- Husaynid dynasty
- Alids of Qazwin
- Alids of Tabaristan
- Annazid dynasty
- City of Al-Hisn
- Tribal federation of Aq Qoyunlu
- Aq Qoyunlu of Azerbaijan and Iraq
- Aq Qoyunlu of Diyarbakir
- Aq Qoyunlu of Fars and Iraq-Ajam
- Emirate of Balkh
- Bavand dynasty
- Begtegīnid dynasty
- Emirate of Borujerd
- Emirate of Bost
- Atabegs of Fars
- Atabegs of Fars • Salghurid dynasty
- Firuzanid dynasty
- Harthamid dynasty
- Hasanwayhid dynasty
- Qarluqs of Hazara
- Hazaraspid dynasty
- Ildegizid dynasty
- Uncertain Ildegizid vassal
- Ilyasid dynasty
- Injuid dynasty
- Justanid dynasty
- Emirate of Kakwayhid
- Kangarid dynasty
- Kart dynasty
- Khujistanid dynasty
- Atabegs of Khuzestan
- Mihrabanid dynasty
- Musha'sha' dynasty
- Muzaffarid dynasty
- City of Sirjan
- Emirate of Nishapur
- Pishkinid dynasty
- Emirate of Qunduz
- Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty
- Ustundars of Ruyan
- Saffarid dynasty
- Saffarid dynasty • Samanid occupation
- Saffarid dynasty
- Viceroyalty of Shiraz
- Later Saffarids of Sijistan • Nasrid dynasty
- Abu 'Ali Sa'd ibn Ahmad (1040-1051)
- Nasr ibn Ahmad (1051-1073)
- Khalaf ibn Nasr (1089-1106)
- Taj-al Din II Abu'l-Fadl Nasr (1106-1164)
- Shams al-Din Ahmad (1164-1169)
- Taj al-Din III Harb (1169-1213)
- Taj al-Din IV Nasr ibn Bahramshah (1221)
- Rukn al-Din Abu Mansur (1221-1222)
- Adud al-Din Abu'l-Muzaffar ibn Harb (1222-1225)
- Later Saffarids of Sijistan • Khwarazm dynasty
- Sallarid dynasty
- Muhammad ibn Musafir (942-952)
- Al-Marzuban ibn Muhammad (942-957)
- Wahsudan ibn Muhammad (942-968)
- Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Razzaq (947-949)
- Justan ibn al-Marzuban (957-960)
- Ibrahim ibn al-Marzuban (960-966)
- Isma'il ibn Wahsudan (961-966)
- Nuh ibn Wahsudan (966)
- Sharmazan ibn Mishaki (966-972)
- Kaykhusraw ibn al-Marzuban (967-968)
- Justan ibn Sharmazan (970)
- Rustam ibn Justan (970-973)
- Sarbedaran dynasty
- Atabegs of Shabankara
- Su'lukid dynasty
- Tahirid dynasty
- Emirate of Wakhsh
- Atabegs of Yazd
- Emirate of Yun
- Emirate of Gilan
- Ziyarids of Jibal
- Ziyarids of Tabaristan
- Hamdanids of Al-Jazira
- Hamdanids of Aleppo
- Hamdanids of Aleppo • Fatimid Caliphate
- Hamdanid dynasty
- Maliks of Jand
- Jarrahid dynasty
- Afrighids of Kath
- Khwarezmian Empire
- Khwarezmian Empire • Anushteginid dynasty
- Ma'munid dynasty
- Kurds of Adharbayjan
- Emirate of Bitlis • Sharaf Khan dynasty
- Emirate of Bukhti
- Kurds of Hadhabani
- Emirate of Hakkâri
- Marwanid dynasty
- Lu'lu'id dynasty
- Mamluk Sultanate • Salihi Mamluks
- Mamluk Sultanate • Bahri Mamluks
- Baybars I (1260-1277)
- Baraka Qan (1277-1279)
- Salamish (1279)
- Qala'un (1279-1290)
- Khalil (1290-1293)
- Muhammad I (1293-1294, 1299-1309, 1310-1341)
- Kitbugha (1294-1296)
- Lajin (1296-1299)
- Baybars II (1309-1310)
- Abu Bakr (1341)
- Kujuk (1341-1342)
- Ahmad I (1342)
- Isma'il (1342-1345)
- Sha'ban I (1345-1346)
- Hajji I (1346-1347)
- Hasan (1347-1351, 1354-1361)
- Salih (1351-1354)
- Muhammad II (1361-1363)
- Sha'ban II (1363-1376)
- Ali II (1376-1381)
- Hajji II (1381-1382, 1389-1390)
- Mamluk Sultanate • Burji Mamluks
- Mamluk Sultanate
- Mamluk Sultanate • Burji Mamluks
- Shaykh (1412-1421)
- Ahmad II (1421)
- Tatar (1421)
- Muhammad III (1421-1422)
- Barsbay (1422-1438)
- Yusuf (1438)
- Jaqmaq (1438-1453)
- Uthman (1453)
- Aynal (1453-1461)
- Ahmad III (1461)
- Khushqadam (1461-1467)
- Bilbay (1467)
- Timurbugha (1467-1468)
- Qa'itbay (1468-1496)
- Muhammad IV (1496-1498)
- Qansuh I (1498-1500)
- Janbalat (1500-1501)
- Tumanbay I (1501)
- Qansuh II al-Ghuri (1501-1516)
- Tumanbay II (1516-1517)
- Syria Region
- Mirdasid dynasty
- Banu Ifran dynasty
- Emirate of Fès
- Hafsid dynasty
- Abu Zakariya Yahya (1229-1249)
- Muhammad I al-Mustansir (1249-1277)
- Yahya II al-Wathiq (1277-1279)
- Ibrahim I (1279-1283)
- Abu Hafs Umar I (1284-1295)
- Abu Asida Muhammad II (1295-1309)
- Abd al-Wahid Zakariya (1311-1317)
- Abu Yahya Abu Bakr II (1318-1346)
- Abu Hafs Umar II (1346-1347)
- Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Fadl (1347-1350)
- Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II (1350-1369)
- Ahmad II (1379-1394)
- Abd al-Aziz II (1394-1434)
- Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Aziz II (1435-1452)
- Abu 'Amr 'Uthman (1435-1488)
- Muhammad V (1526-1543)
- Ahmad III (1543-1569)
- City of Basra
- Idrisid dynasty
- Kharijite dynasty
- Uncertain Idrisid city
- City of Warzigha
- City of Wazzequr
- Khazrunids of Sijilmasa
- Marinid dynasty
- Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq (1244-1258)
- Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq (1258-1286)
- Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr (1286-1307)
- Abu Sa'id Uthman II (1310-1331)
- Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman (1331-1348)
- Abu Inan Faris (1348-1358)
- Abu Zayyan Muhammad II ibn Faris (1362-1364)
- Abu Faris al-Mustansir Abd al-Aziz ibn Ali (1366-1372)
- Abu Zayyan as-Sa'id Muhammad III ibn Abd al-Aziz (1372-1374)
- Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Mustansir (1374-1384, 1387-1393)
- Musa ibn Faris al-Mutawakkil (1384-1386)
- Abd al-Aziz II ibn Ahmad II (1393-1396)
- Abdallah ibn Ahmad II (1396-1398)
- Abu Said Uthman III (1398-1420)
- Marinids of Marrakesh
- Midrarid dynasty
- Zirids of Qayrawan
- Riyahid dynasty
- Rustamid dynasty
- Sulaymanid dynasty
- Wattasid dynasty
- Western Sicily • Sicilian Rebellion
- Zayyanid dynasty
- Abu Hammu I Musa (1308-1318)
- Abu Tashufin I (1318-1336)
- Abu Hammu II Musa (1359-1389)
- Abu Ziyyan II Muhammad (1393-1397)
- Abu Muhammad I (1397-1400)
- Abu Malek I (1412-1424)
- Abu Abdallah II (1424-1427)
- Abu Abbas Ahmad I (1430-1462)
- Abu Abdallah III (1462-1468)
- Abu Hammu III Musa (1517-1527)
- Abu Muhammad II (1527-1541)
- Abu Abdallah VI (1541-1543)
- Abu Zayyan III Ahmad (1541-1550)
- Numayrid dynasty
- Emirate of Qalhati
- City of Adilcevaz
- City of Erzincan
- Qara Qoyunlu of Iraq
- Tribal federation of Qara Qoyunlu
- United Qarakhanid Khaganate (840-1041)
- Harun ibn Sulayman (970-992)
- Nasr ibn 'Ali (993-1012)
- Ahmad ibn 'Ali (994-1016)
- Al-Hasan ibn Malik (996)
- Ahmad ibn Nasr (999-1014)
- Nasr ibn al-Qasim (1001-1004)
- Alp Abu'l-Fawaris (1003)
- Bakr ibn al-Hasan (1003-1009)
- Muhammad ibn al-Husayn (1004)
- Siraj al-Dawla Yinal-Tegin (1004-1005)
- Yusuf ibn 'Abd Allah (1004-1006, 1012-1014)
- Yusuf ibn Harun (1005-1032)
- Imad al-Dawla Chaghri-Tegin (1006-1016)
- Abu'l-Fawaris Bektuz (1009-1010)
- Nizam al-Dawla Abu'l-Muzaffar Tungha-Tegin (1009-1014)
- Bakr ibn Muhammad (1010)
- Khaqan Simnani (1013-1015)
- Khutlugh Oga (1013-1016)
- Mansur ibn 'Ali (1013-1024)
- Al-Husayn ibn al-Hasan (1013-1027)
- Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Ali (1014-1020)
- Ahmad Atam-Tegin (1014-1033)
- Bars Oga (1015)
- Al-Husayn ibn Mansur (1015-1016)
- Ibrahim ibn Nasr (1017-1040)
- Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahmud (1018)
- Ahmad ibn Mansur (1018-1019)
- Ali ibn Nasr (1020)
- Ali ibn al-Hasan (1020-1035)
- Muhammad ibn Nasr (1020-1055)
- Nizam al-Dawla Yinal-Tegin (1021)
- Ahmad ibn al-Hasan (1022-1023)
- Yusuf ibn Mansur (1022-1023)
- Bektuzun (1024)
- Al-'Abbas ibn Muhammad ibn Nasr (1024-1042)
- Muhammad ibn al-Hasan (1024-1027, 1037-1042)
- Kuj-Tegin (1025-1034)
- Sulayman ibn Harun (1025-1035)
- Yusuf ibn 'Ali (1025-1042)
- Rukn al-Dawla (1030-1032)
- Muhammad ibn Yusuf (1030-1057)
- Sulayman ibn Yusuf (1031-1056)
- Jibra'il ibn Yusuf (1033-1042)
- Shah Malik ibn Mubarak (1038-1039)
- Western Qarakhanid Khaganate (1041-1212)
- Ibrahim ibn Nasr (1040-1068)
- Shu'ayth ibn Ibrahim (1058-1062)
- Da'ud ibn Ibrahim (1066-1068)
- Toghan Khan 'Ali (1068-1069)
- Yusuf ibn Burhan al-Dawla (1068-1069)
- Nasr ibn Ibrahim (1068-1080)
- Khidr Hakan Ahmad ibn Ibrahim (1080-1081)
- Ahmad ibn Khidr (1081-1095)
- Muhammad ibn Ibrahim (1089)
- Imad al-Dawla Mahmud (1097)
- Muhammad II ibn Sulayman (1102-1129)
- Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Sulayman (1129-1130)
- Mahmud III ibn Muhamad (1136-1142)
- Ibrahim Rukn al-Din ibn Muhammad (1143-1154)
- Mahmud ibn Husayn (1157)
- Mas'ud ibn al-Hasan (1161-1171)
- Muhammad ibn Mas'ud (1171-1179)
- Rukn al-Din Muhammad ibn Ghiyath (1177-1179)
- Abd al-Khalid (1178-1179)
- Ibrahim ibn al-Husayn (1178-1203)
- Uthman ibn Ibrahim (1178-1203)
- Eastern Qarakhanid Khaganate (1041-1212)
- Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1045-1052)
- Bahram (1048-1053)
- Jalal al-Dawla Tungha-Tegin (1048-1057)
- Shams al-Dawla Arslan Ilek (1052-1057)
- Nasir al-Dawla Ghazi (1053-1054)
- Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf (1057-1062)
- Burhan al-Dawla Ayyub (1062)
- Sharaf al-Dawla Mu'izz (1067-1070)
- Yusuf ibn Sulayman (1068-1080)
- Nizam al-Dawla Mahmud (1069-1070)
- Hasan ibn Sulayman (1088-1089)
- Jibra'il ibn 'Umar (1100-1101)
- Tafghaj Khan Ibrahim (1106)
- Qarakhanids of Al-Sughd
- Qarakhanids of Balkh
- Qarakhanids of Banakath
- Qarakhanids of Chaghaniyan
- Qarakhanids of Ilaq
- Qarakhanids of Ishtikhan
- Qarakhanids of Karmina
- Qarakhanids of Kasan
- Qarakhanids of Kashgar
- Qarakhanids of Kharashkath
- Qarakhanids of Marghinan
- Qarakhanids of Parab
- Qarakhanids of Taliqan
- Qarakhanids of Tirmidh
- Uncertain Qarakhanid apanage
- Qarakhanids of Uzkand
- Qarlughid dynasty
- Qarmatids of Greater Syria
- City of Mekka
- Qarmatids of Uman
- Samanids of Akhsikath
- Andaraba and Banjhir Regions • Banijurid dynasty
- Banijurid dynasty
- Emirate of Farwan
- City of Khujand
- Emirate of Khuttal
- Mattid dynasty
- Muhtajid dynasty
- Samaniden Dynastie
- Nuh ibn Asad (819-842)
- Yahya ibn Asad (819-855)
- Ahmad ibn Asad (851-864)
- Nasr I (864-892)
- Isma'il Samani (892-907)
- Ahmad Samani (907-914)
- Nasr II (914-943)
- Nuh II (943-954)
- Abd al-Malik I (954-961)
- Mansur I (961-976)
- Nuh III (976-997)
- Mansur II (997-999)
- Abd al-Malik II (999)
- Isma'il Muntasier (1000-1004)
- City of Andaraba
- City of Nishapur
- Yahya's Rebellion
- Simjurid dynasty
- Afshins of Usrushana
- Atabegs of Arran
- Atabegs of Borujerd
- Seljuq Emirate of Damascus
- Burid dynasty
- Seljuqs of Central Khorasan
- Seljuqs of Eastern Khorasan
- Great Seljuq
- Seljuqs of Khorasan
- Hamadan Sultanate
- Seljuqs of Hamadan
- Kerman Sultanate
- City of Ankara
- Eastern Provinces (Rûm)
- City of Erzurum
- City of Konya
- City of Malayta
- Rûm Sultanate
- Cities of Sivas and Aksaray
- City of Sivas
- City of Tokat
- Uncertain rebel City (Rûm)
- Western Provinces
- Seljuq Emirate of Syria
- Sind • Umayyad Caliphate
- Sind • Abbasiden-Kalifat
- Mansur ibn Jumhur al-Kalbi (747-751)
- Uyayna ibn Musa al-Tamimi (754-760)
- Umar ibn Hafs Hazarmard al-Muhallabi (760-768)
- Da'ud ibn Yazid al-Muhallabi (800-820)
- Jabir ibn al-Ash'ath (812-815)
- Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath (812-815)
- Bishr ibn Da'ud al-Muhallabi (820-826)
- Al-Simmah (820-850)
- Hajjib ibn Salih (826-828)
- Yahya (828-831)
- Musa ibn Yayha al-Barmaki (831-836)
- Imran ibn Musa ibn Yayha (836-838)
- Farâs (840-854)
- Sind • Habbari dynasty
- Umar I ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Habbari (854-884)
- Hatim "Khatam" (860-901)
- Abd al-Rahman (875-925)
- Abd Allah I ibn 'Umar (883-913)
- Muhammad I ibn 'Abd al-Rahman (901-925)
- Abd Allah II (901-975)
- Umar II ibn 'Abd Allah (913-943)
- Muhammad II (943-974)
- Ahmad I (950-1001)
- Ali ibn 'Umar (973-987)
- Al-Murid (975-1001)
- Isa ibn 'Ali (987-1001)
- Abd Allah III (1001-1015)
- Abu Mansur (1001-1024)
- Al-Muzaffar (1001-1024)
- Abu Yusuf (1005-1040)
- Ibrahim (1015-1024)
- Sind • Post-Habbaris
- Cilicia Region
- Filastin Region
- Tulunid dynasty
- Abu Muslim's Partisans
- City of Baward
- City of Al-Kufa
- City of Mawsil
- Mu'awiya's Partisans
- Umayyads of Sijistan
- City of Aleppo
- Uqaylids of Balad
- Banu Uqayl dynasty
- Uqaylids of Barqa'id
- Uqaylids of Mawsil
- Uqaylids of Nasibin
- Uqaylids of Sinjar
- Uqaylids of Takrit
- Uqaylids of Ukbara
- Uncertain Uqaylid region
- Wolgabulgaren
- Zengid Emirate of Aleppo
- Emirate of Jazira
- Emirate of Mosul
- Zengids of Shahrazur
- Emirate of Sinjar
Islamische Staaten › Abbasiden-Kalifat
½ Drachm - Sulayman (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) 137 (755-789)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2 g • ⌀ 23 mm
Val Sn# 11, Album Islamic# 65, N# 45961
½ Drachm - Hani (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (756-793)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,06 g • ⌀ 22 mm
Val Sn# 79, N# 62845
½ Drachm - Muqatil (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) 139-181 (757-800)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,72 g • ⌀ 23 mm
Val Sn# 80, N# 70134
½ Drachm - Rawh ibn Hatim (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (763-766)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,94 g
N# 80505
½ Drachm - Yahya ibn Mikhnaq (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (780-782)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,60 g
N# 80507
½ Drachm - Anonimous - 'Bakh Bakh' type (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (780-783)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,9 g
N# 366800
½ Drachm - Nusayr (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) 168 (785)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,5 g • ⌀ 23 mm
N# 80493
½ Drachm - Jarir (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) 169-171 (785-787)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,90 g • ⌀ 23 mm
Album Islamic# 63, 64, N# 80495
½ Drachm - Mihran (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) 170 (787)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,53 g • ⌀ 21 mm
N# 80494
½ Drachm - Ma'add (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) 173 (790)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,64 g
N# 80503
½ Drachm - 'Abd Allah ibn Qahtaba (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (790-793)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,90 g
N# 70133
½ Drachm - 'Abd Allah ibn Sa'id al-Harashi (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (801-803)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,69 g
N# 80504
Drachm - Bakkar (Eastern Sistan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (750-770)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,98 g • ⌀ 32,8 mm
N# 80519
Drachm - Halil (Eastern Sistan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (750-770)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3 g
N# 80523
Drachm - Ishaq (Eastern Sistan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (750-770)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber
N# 80528
Drachm - Jannah (Eastern Sistan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (750-770)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,76 g
N# 80522
Drachm - Misma' (Eastern Sistan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (750-770)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,25 g
N# 80527
Drachm - Mujashi' (Eastern Sistan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (750-770)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,87 g
N# 80524
Drachm - Murad (Eastern Sistan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (750-770)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,34 g
N# 80525
Drachm - Sulayman (Eastern Sistan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (755-760)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,17 g
N# 80520
Drachm - Caliph al-Mahdi - Sogdiana "Transoxiana" (imitation of Drachm of Varharan V - Arab-Bukharan) k. A. (758-785)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,98 g • ⌀ 29 mm
Album Islamic# 94, BMC Walk 1# 312-319, N# 80509
Drachm - al-Fadl ibn Sulayman (Arab-Khwarezm) k. A. (782-789)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,15 g
N# 80510
Drachm "Black Dirhems Muhammadi " - citing Caliph al-Amin - Sogdiana "Transoxiana" (Arab-Bukharan) k. A. (809-813)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Billon • 2,60 g • ⌀ 24 mm
N# 85367
Drachm - al-Fadl ibn Sahl (Arab-Khwarezm) k. A. (811-819)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,83 g
N# 80511
Drachm - Qudama (Eastern Sistan - Arab-Sasanian) k. A. (873-948)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3 g
N# 80521
Islamische Staaten › Abbasiden-Kalifat › Abbasid rebels › Al-Rayy, City of • Jahwar ibn al-Marrar (755-756)
1 Fals - Jahwar ibn Marrar al-'ljli 138 (755)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 2,66 g • ⌀ 23 mm
N# 388698
Islamische Staaten › Abbasiden-Kalifat › Abbasid rebels › Zanj Rebellion • Ali ibn Muhammad (872-884)
1 Dirham - 'Ali ibn Muhammad ('Askar al-Imâm) 258 (872)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,54 g
Album Islamic# 1432, N# 388696
Islamische Staaten › Abbasiden-Kalifat › Abbasid rebels › Zaydi Rebellion • Abu'l-Saraya al-Shaybani (815-816)
Islamische Staaten › Abbasiden-Kalifat › Ifriqiya, Emirate of • Aghlabid dynasty • Ibrahim I (800-812)
Islamische Staaten › Abbasiden-Kalifat › Ifriqiya, Emirate of • Aghlabid dynasty • Abdallah I (812-817)
Islamische Staaten › Abbasiden-Kalifat › Ifriqiya, Emirate of • Aghlabid dynasty • Ziyadat Allah I (817-838)
Fals - Ziyadat Allah I 220 (817-838)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 2,21 g
Album Islamic# 440, N# 85006
Dirham - Ziyadat Allah I 205 (821)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,92 g
Album Islamic# 439, N# 212860
Islamische Staaten › Abbasiden-Kalifat › Ifriqiya, Emirate of • Aghlabid dynasty • Ibrahim II (875-902)
½ Dirham - Ibrahim II k. A. (875-902)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1 g • ⌀ 20 mm
Album Islamic# 449, N# 287414
Islamische Staaten › Abbasiden-Kalifat › Ifriqiya, Emirate of • Abdallah II (902-903)
1 Dinar - Abdallah II 290 (903)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 4,13 g • ⌀ 18 mm
Album Islamic# 451, N# 383517
Islamische Staaten › Abbasiden-Kalifat › Ifriqiya, Emirate of › Jund rebellions • Unbekannter Münzherr
1 Dirham - Anonymous (Rebellion against Ibrahim; Ifriqya) 195 (811)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,79 g
Album Islamic# 436R, N# 383508
Islamische Staaten › Abbasiden-Kalifat › Ikhshidid dynasty • Abu'l-Qasim Unujur al-Ikhshid (946-960)
Dinar - Abu'l-Qasim ibn al-Ikhshid k. A. (946-961)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 3,79 g • ⌀ 22 mm
N# 86678
Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Algeciras, Taifa of • Hammudid dynasty • Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad (1048-1059)
1 Dirham - Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad 443 (1051)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Billon • 2,19 g
Vives# 869, N# 385104
Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almería, Taifa of • Banu Sumadih • Ma'n ibn Muhammed ibn Sumadih (1041-1052)
Dirham - Ma'n ben Muhammad ben Sumadih (Banu Sumadih family) 433 (1042)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 4,5 g
N# 145895
Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almería, Taifa of • Banu Sumadih • Al-Mu'tasim bi-Allah (1052-1091)
1 Dirham - Al-Mu'tasim bi-Allah k. A. (1052-1091)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,80 g
Vives# 1046, N# 384761
Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Al-Andalus, Almohads of • Hudid dynasty • Muhammad al-Mutawakkil (1228-1238)
1 Dirham - Muhammad al-Mutawakkil (Murcia) k. A. (1228-1238)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,56 g
Vives# 2145, N# 385178
Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Al-Andalus, Almohads of • Hudid dynasty • Muhammad al-Wathiq (1238, 1263-1266)
1 Dirham - Muhammad al-Wathiq (Játiva) k. A. (1238-1266)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,55 g
Vives# 2153, N# 385180
Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Al-Andalus, Almohads of • Hudid dynasty • Muhammad Baha' al-Dawla (1241-1260)
1 Dinar - Muhammad Baha' al-Dawla (Murcia) k. A. (1241-1260)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold
N# 385183
Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Lorca, Taifa of • Ibn Asli (1240-1244)
Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Niebla, City of • Musa ibn Mahfuz (1234-1262)
Dirham - Musa ibn Muhammad k. A. (1234-1262)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,46 g
Album Islamic# I410, N# 212212
Islamische Staaten › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Seville, City of • Ahmmad ibn Muhammad al-Badji (1231-1233)
1 Dirham - Ahmmad ibn Muhammad al-Badji (Rebel coinage) k. A. (1231-1233)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,53 g
N# 385184
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